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Mirza Fatali Akhundov - Azerbaijani Moliere, with Tbilisi biography

Mirza Fatali Akhundov - Azerbaijani Moliere, with Tbilisi biography
Mirza Fatali Akhundov - Azerbaijani Moliere, with Tbilisi biography

Mirza Fatali Akhundov Museum of Azerbaijani Culture, located on 17 Vakhtang Gorgasali Street in Tbilisi, was awarded the official status of a public institution in 2007. The museum, which opened in 1985, stores memorial objects of Azerbaijani public figures and writers, Mirza Fatali Akhundov, Nariman Narimanov, and Mamed Kuli Zade, the photo material of Georgian-Azerbaijani cultural relations, books, documents, Azerbaijani language scientific and literary fiction publications, and other interesting exhibits.

It is interesting who is Mirza Fatali Akhundov. His museum has the status of a cultural heritage monument in the capital of Georgia. Akhundov is buried in the heart of the capital of Georgia.

Mirza Fatali Akhundov, Azerbaijani writer-educator, philosopher, founder of Azerbaijani drama, was born on July 12, 1812, in Nukha (Azerbaijan, Shaki district).

His father, Mirza Mahammad Taghi, was from the city of Khamaneh; he was a forester. After his father punished three soldiers for stealing buffaloes, the squad leader sued him with Prince Abbas-Mirza. The latter lowered the rank of Mirza Mahammad Taghi and confiscated his property. Akhundov's father then moved to Nukha, where he started trading. In 1811 he had a second wife, Nane Khanum, a relative of the famous clergyman, and it was from this marriage that a writer was born. The family moved back to Khamaneh again.

Mirza Fatali Akhundov received his primary education there at the Theological Seminary. Given the fundamental nature of such education, it is natural that he intended to establish himself as a Muslim cleric. Later, due to family problems, the mother and son moved with Haji Alesker, uncle of Nane Khanum, living in Qaradagh. Haji Alesker was like a second father to Mirza Fatali; he taught the boy the Quran, Arabic, and Persian. In 1832, Haji Alesker left for Mecca, leaving Mirza Fatali temporarily in Ganja to study with the scholar Mullah, Hussein Pishnamaz-Zade.

In Ganja, he met the Azerbaijani poet Mirza Shafi Vazeh, from whom he studied calligraphy. This acquaintance, which, according to the writer, turned into a close friendship, significantly determined the future of Mirza Fatali. Under the influence of Mirza Shafi Vazeh, Akhundov reversed his earlier decision to become a clergyman.

In 1834 Akhundov moved to Tbilisi. Here Mullah Haji Alesker used his influences, and Mirza Fatali was appointed as an assistant to Baron Rosen's Oriental language translator of the main administration of the Caucasus Civil Division. At that time, Mirza Fatali spoke Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and a little bit of Russian. In 1840, Mirza Fatali was appointed to the post of translator, a position he held until his death.

From 1836 he taught Azerbaijani and Turkish languages at the Tbilisi Gymnasium. By the middle of the nineteenth century, Tbilisi was already emerging as the cultural center of the Caucasus. Many important public figures, writers, and thinkers lived in the capital of Georgia at that time, with most of whom Akhundov had a close friendship. Mirza Fatal studied Russian in Tbilisi and got acquainted with Russian literature.

His first significant work was "On Pushkin's Death" (1837), translated into Georgian by Grishashvili.

In 1850-1855, Mirza wrote six comedies. These works laid the foundation for critical realism in Azerbaijani literature. Akhundov portrayed the lives of people with the fanaticism of the Islamic religion, superstition, and time-worn traditions. These works are "Mullah Ibrahim Khalil," 1850; "Botanist Musée Jordan" - 1850; "The Robber Punishing Bear" - 1851; "Vizier of the Lankaran Khan" - 1850; "The Adventures of Stinginess" - 1852.

In his latest comedy, "Defenders of the Law in the City of Tabriz" (1855), Akhundov sharply exposed the falsity of the Iranian judiciary. Criticism of Russian literature in the 1960s earned him the name of "Muslim Molière." The history of the Azerbaijani professional theater begins with the staging of "Vizier of the Lankaran Khan" (March 10/22, 1873, Baku, Azerbaijani).

It should be noted that Akhundov's comedies were first published as a separate book in Tbilisi: in Russian in 1853, in Azerbaijani in 1859, and Persian in Iran in 1875.

Akhundov's satirical story "Deceived Stars," written in 1857 and first translated into Georgian in 1934, is considered the best example of new Azerbaijani fiction. Also of particular importance is the philosophical treatise "Letters of Kemal-ud Dovle," written by Mirza Fatali in Persian and Azerbaijani (1864-1875, first published in Baku in 1924), which made Akhundov very popular throughout the East.

Akhundov's work has played a significant role in developing Azerbaijani and Middle Eastern literature and public opinion.

In 1873, based on the Latin and Russian alphabets, Mirza Fatali Akhundov composed the alphabet, which completely changed the syllabic Arabic and adapted it to the phonetic characteristics of the Azerbaijani language.

His works have been translated into many languages. Akhundov's comedy ("Vizier of the Lankaran Khan") was first translated into Georgian by Akaki Tsereteli under the title "Khan Vizier." The work was published in Georgian in 1898, and in the same year, the mentioned comedy was presented on the Georgian stage.

Akhundov died on March 10, 1878, in Tbilisi. He was buried in Tbilisi due to the active efforts of Grigol Orbeliani. Akhundov's tomb is located in the "Pantheon of Azerbaijani Figures" on a new botanical garden site, which used to be the Muslim cemetery of the Sayyids.

In 2012, the film "Ambassador of sunrise" was shot dedicated to Mirza Fatali Akhundov. The leading role in the movie was played by the People's Artist of Azerbaijan Rasim Balayev.

The streets in Tbilisi and Marneuli are named after the Azerbaijani writer, philosopher, and founder of Azerbaijani drama.

There are monuments to Akhundov in Tbilisi, Baku, and Moscow, and a museum named after him, called the Center of Azerbaijani Culture, has been operating in Tbilisi since 1985.

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